Prevention Tips for Both Types of Pests

Chocolate cake. Tulips. Wine.

These are just a few of the seemingly harmless household items that can be harmful if ingested by your dog. As a Pack Leader, it’s essential to be aware of the many common substances that can be poisonous to your dog and the steps you can take to prevent and treat dog poisoning.

If You Know or Suspect Your Dog is Poisoned

First, remain calm. Though it’s important to act quickly, you must also act carefully — your actions may determine the outcome of your dog’s health emergency.

Step 1

Collect remaining poison or any other substances involved, such as vomit. This evidence can help your vet and other emergency responders identify the type of poison that has affected your dog.

Step 2

Call your vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC). You can reach the APCC at (888) 426-4435 and receive advice from animal poison experts for a $65 consultation fee.

Step 3

While speaking on the phone with your vet or animal control experts, you should be ready to tell them the breed, age, sex, and weight of your dog, as well as symptoms and other important information about the incident. If possible, find the product or container for the poisonous substance and keep it on hand for reference throughout the call. The professionals will advise you on your next course of action.

However, if your dog has a seizure, is struggling to breathe, or loses consciousness, bring her to your local vet or emergency clinic immediately.

Common Causes of Dog Poisoning

Safe for humans doesn’t necessarily mean safe for dogs. Many foodstuffs, medications, and products in your house can be highly toxic to your dog.

Below, we’ve listed some of the most common culprits.

Human Food

Your dog’s metabolism is very different from your own, which is why some of your favorite snacks can be hazardous and, in some cases, fatal to your dog. Common dog poisons in the kitchen include chocolate, avocados, grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, and alcohol. Xylitol, an artificial sweetener in sugar-free gum, can cause unwanted health problems, including weakness and seizures. While some human foods can be safely shared with your dog, it’s generally a good idea to play it safe and only give treats specially made for dogs.

Plants

Several popular household flowers and plants can poison your dog, including tulips, daffodils, sago palms, azaleas, and rhododendrons. Dog owners should avoid bringing these plants into their homes or yards whenever possible.

Human Medications

Many medications that are helpful to humans can be harmful to dogs. Some of the most common examples include antidepressants, blood pressure, and pain medications. Over-the-counter medications, such as Tylenol, ibuprofen, Advil, Aleve, and human fish oil supplements, can also be toxic. To prevent accidents, you should stow all your medications in cabinets inaccessible to your dog.

Household Products

Numerous standard household products contain chemicals that your dog should never ingest. Cleaners, antifreeze, pool cleaning chemicals, and lawn and garden products can all lead to serious health complications for dogs that consume them. Antifreeze is particularly problematic because it’s deadly but tastes sweet, making it an attractive hazard to your dog if not properly stored away.

Insecticides and Rodenticides

Products designed to fight ants, roaches, and other insect pests can be poisonous to dogs. Consuming rodenticide – or a rodent that has been poisoned – can also lead to severe problems. Be sure such products are inaccessible to your dog, and follow guidelines for use closely.

Signs of Dog Poisoning

Different poisonous substances may affect your dog differently depending on how much they ingested. While symptoms of dog poisoning can vary vastly from case to case, here are some of the most common:

Abnormal Behavior

If your dog is lethargic or seems unsteady when standing or walking, this may be a sign of poisoning. Additionally, dogs that have been poisoned may exhibit hyperactivity.

Black, Tarry Stool

Bright red, black, or tarry stool can be a symptom of dog poisoning. If your dog has eaten something that has made them sick, it is important to take them to the vet immediately.

Collapse

Another symptom of dog poisoning is collapsing, and this can happen very suddenly and may be accompanied by seizures or tremors. If your dog starts collapsing, it’s essential to get them to a veterinarian as soon as possible, as this often indicates a serious medical condition.

Coughing

One of the first symptoms of dog poisoning is usually coughing, and this is because many poisons, including pesticides and herbicides, contain chemicals that irritate the respiratory system. If your dog starts coughing after exposure to a potentially toxic substance, it’s important to seek veterinary care immediately.

Decreased or Absent Urination

Decreased or absent urination is one of the first indicators that your dog may have been poisoned. If you notice that your dog is urinating less frequently than usual or not, it’s essential to seek medical care, which can lead to dehydration and other health problems.

Diarrhea

If you notice that your dog has loose stools, it’s important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. In some cases, diarrhea can lead to dehydration, which can be life-threatening. If you have any concerns that your dog may have been poisoned, don’t hesitate to contact a professional for help.

Discolored Gums

Discolored gums are often a sign that something is wrong. If your dog’s gums are pale or blue, this is a sign that they are not getting enough oxygen, and you should seek medical help immediately.

Drooling

One of the most common signs of poisoning in dogs is excessive drooling. There are dog breeds that are known to drool more than others. However, contact your veterinarian if you notice your pup drooling more than usual.

Excessive Thirst

One of the first things to look out for if you think your dog has been poisoned is excessive thirst. If your dog suddenly drinks a lot more water than usual, it could be a sign that something is wrong.

Excessive Urination

You will likely notice some obvious symptoms if your dog has been poisoned. Chief among these is excessive urination. This is a result of the poison causing damage to the kidneys, which cannot filter the blood properly.

Lack of Appetite

Dogs are especially prone to poisoning since they are curious by nature and often put things in their mouths without thinking. Many common household items can be poisonous to dogs, including chocolate, antifreeze, and rat poison. If your furry friend has a decreased appetite, consider contacting your vet.

Nausea

Nausea may cause your dog to vomit or have diarrhea, and in severe cases, it can lead to dehydration and even death. If you think your dog has been poisoned, it is crucial to seek veterinary care immediately.

Vomiting

Another common symptom of dog poisoning is vomiting. If your dog starts vomiting, it’s essential to pay attention to other signs and symptoms. For example, if your dog is also lethargic and has a loss of appetite, this could be a sign that they are suffering from poisoning.

Weakness

Nausea may cause your dog to vomit or have diarrhea, and in severe cases, it can lead to dehydration and even death. If you think your dog has been poisoned, it is crucial to seek veterinary care immediately.

How were you able to tell your dog was poisoned?

The post 3 Things to Do When Your Dog May Be Poisoned appeared first on Cesar's Way.

First Aid Kit Items

What exactly do dogs need in a first aid kit? Some of the items are probably obvious, but others may be more surprising. That’s why we decided to put together this comprehensive list of what you should include and why.

Wound Spray

Your dog can get cut, scratched, or otherwise suffer injury to its skin, both around the house and outdoors.

Self-Cling Bandage

If your dog suffers a severe laceration or other injuries, you’ll probably want to cover it with a bandage after using the wound spray. Look for self-cling bandages that won’t stick to your dog’s fur to avoid painful removal later.

Bandage Scissors

Unless you want Fido to look like a mummy when you bandage him, include a pair of bandage scissors in your kit designed to cut through gauze, clothing, and (yes) bandages.

Antibiotic Ointment

If your pup gets cut or scratched, the injury needs to be treated immediately. Antibiotic ointments will help prevent infection and relieve pain while also acting as a barrier from bacteria for them not to become septicemic (a severe condition caused by an untreated wound).

Eye Wash and Ear Wash

If your dog gets some pollutant or other contaminants in her eyes or ears, it can cause itching, stinging, burning, or worse. Dog-safe eyewash and ear wash can help you flush out the problem materials with a dropper nozzle and even be used on any dressing needed.

Flashlight

A flashlight might be one of the items you didn’t consider adding to the first aid kit, but it could be helpful when you’re trying to pull out a splinter or drop a pill. Keep extra batteries on hand or invest in a solar-powered flashlight. If you choose a solar flashlight, make sure you store it in a location that has plenty of sunlight.

Rubber Gloves

Rubber gloves are recommended for any medical emergency. Always wear protective gear when dealing with blood or bodily fluids!

Grooming or Wet Wipes

Wipes are a must-have for every pet owner. You can use them before getting in the car after an accident has occurred and when cleaning dirt or blood off wounds to get better visibility to see the injury.

Dog Cone

The problem with eye and other head-related issues is that your pup will do whatever he can to scratch and rub at the area with his paw. Prevent this from happening by using a dog cone, which will also prevent your dog from being able to chew at stitches from surgery or lick at a hot spot during treatment. Your vet may also refer to this as an Elizabeth Collar or e-collar for short.

A Comfort Item

When you find yourself in a high-stress situation with your pet, such as during an incredibly traumatic event or severe storm, it’s essential to have something they can clutch onto to make them feel safe and comforted while witnessing this difficult moment.

Keep any old favorite toy or blanket handy, so it is available when needed! The sight of these cherished objects may help settle down your pup in an uneasy situation.

Muzzle

Even a normally calm and balanced dog may lash out when injured, and he may also bite at a wound, making it worse. Like the Funny Muzzle, muzzles serve the dual purpose of keeping a nervous or aggressive dog from harming others or bringing harm to himself.

Leash

A leash is an essential tool to have in your first aid kit because it’s a way for you, as the owner of your dog, to gain control when they may be panicking and try running away. You want this item because the focus isn’t solely on keeping them from fleeing but also on assessing any injuries sustained before determining how best to administer first aid.

Hydrogen Peroxide

If your dog consumes poison, you might not have time to get them to the vet. Depending on the poison, making your dog vomit can be a vital tactic until you get them to treatment. One safe and effective way to induce vomiting and get the poison out of their system is to force them to drink hydrogen peroxide. Always keep a fresh bottle on hand.

But don’t assume that hydrogen peroxide is the answer in every situation. Your best bet is to call the Pet Poison Helpline at (800) 213-6680 to get their recommendation on how to handle the situation right.

Water and Treats

Keep a bottle of water for your dog in case you don’t have access to their regular supply and keep an emergency stash of food ready. You can also give a reward after allowing you to remove thorns or ticks from their body, such as biscuits (or any other treat).

Medications

Talk to your vet about keeping an extra supply of any prescribed medications in the first-aid kit.
If you are traveling, the pet emergency kit will have a backup of all medications. It is always good to have some over-the-counter medicines that your vet approved. These include flea and tick meds, antacids, or drugs for stomach issues in case of an emergency on the road!

Important Phone Numbers

You want to be able to reach help fast in an emergency. Include the phone number for your veterinarian, your emergency vet clinic, and the ASPCA poison control center: (800) 426‑4435. We suggest putting this information inside a clear plastic cover to prevent water damage.

Medical Records

If you have to take your dog to seek help from someone other than his regular veterinarian, it can be valuable to provide them with his medical background and proof of his rabies vaccine.

With these items, you’ll be prepared to help your dog through the most dangerous situations they’re likely to encounter, but remember, it’s always best to seek veterinary care. A first aid kit should be used to remediate an emergency until you get to the vet or address minor injuries like a superficial wound. Ultimately, having a well-prepared kit takes some forethought and planning on the part of pet owners. But with its many benefits for our animal companions, it is worth the effort! So whether you’re at home or out on the road with your furry friend, make sure that you have a well-stocked kit.

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First aid remedies for vomiting can be helpful or can be your pet’s worst enemy depending upon the cause of the vomiting. Using Kaopectate, Pepto Bismol, or herbal remedies for vomiting due to a foreign object penetration of the stomach or intestine can be disastrous!

Your judgment regarding the seriousness of vomiting is critical. If the vomit contains blood, call the veterinarian immediately! Try cautious observation at home if your pet seems alert, active, and unconcerned about vomiting. Withhold food for 12-24 hours and allow water in small amounts. Many small breeds of dogs can suffer from low blood sugar if food is unavailable for longer than 18 to 24 hours.

After the vomiting has ceased for 4 hours, you may give ice chips or a small amount of water for 12 hours. If vomiting has not resumed, slowly increase the amount of water and food again over the next 24 hours. If the animal is not interested in food, vomits repeatedly, or seems cramped or in pain, it’s time to call the veterinarian.

Dr. Sherry Weaver

More Information About Your Vomiting Dog

Vomiting is a diagnostic sign that your dog may have eaten something toxic. A vomiting pet will often show other symptoms like abdominal heaving and nausea when eating things like chocolate or parsley, which can be challenging to diagnose without examining their mouth.

What Are the Causes of Vomiting in Dogs?

The most common cause for vomiting in canines is food-related, but there’s also something called grass sickness which happens when they overeat green vegetation, and it causes them to get sick. Below is a list of other issues that can cause your pup to be sick.

Symptoms That May Accompany Frequent Vomiting

Frequent throwing up can be an indication of a severe medical condition. If you notice any of these symptoms, talk to your pet care provider immediately!

• Abdominal pain
• Weakness
• Vomit with blood in it
• Depression
• Weight loss
• Dehydration
• Fever

How to Determine if Your Dog is Vomiting or Regurgitating

Vomiting can be a very unpleasant experience for dogs and results in the stomach ejecting its contents through the mouth, which happens by contracting muscles around this area and causing them to push everything out at once.

When a dog regurgitates, it’s usually an indication that something is wrong with its esophagus. Food will look the same as when eaten because it has not made it to the stomach. Dogs don’t have much control over this behavior. They will burp up whatever they’ve eaten before rather than pushing the material down into their stomachs, where acids would start breaking down proteins for digestion.

Treatment for Vomiting in Dogs

​​If the vet rules out underlying concerns, treatment can be as straightforward as a diet change. The dog may need to eat home-cooked food like skinless chicken or boiled potatoes for their upset stomach symptoms to go away. Your vet may prescribe antibiotics if the vomiting results from an infection. Other medications include antiemetics, which control and prevent excessive nausea in dogs.

When to See a Veterinarian About Vomiting in Dogs

Observe your dog for symptoms of illness. The earlier they are detected, the better chance there is at recovery and prevention from developing further complications or infections and being able to take steps towards treatment by explaining what you think may have caused it all along!

A lot can go wrong when animal owners aren’t aware of their pet’s condition right away- but luckily, this doesn’t always happen because most animals will let us know if something isn’t quite right.

Your vet will ask you a few questions about your pup and then use what they know from that information to decide which test is best for them. Tests can include blood tests or even endoscopy, but they vary depending on your pup’s symptoms and your vet’s suggestions.

Frequently Asked Questions About Dog Vomiting

What Home Remedy Can I Give for My Vomiting Dog?

Give your dog time to recover from an illness before trying new foods. This will help avoid any complications from food allergies or sensitivities, which can be dangerous for you and the pup! For vomiting, try withholding liquids for 12-24 hours, followed by gradual introduction back into the regular diet.

What Over-the-Counter Medications Can I Give to My Sick Dog?

Before administering any over-the-counter medications, please check with your pet care provider. Typically, offering a bland diet for a few days will get your dog back on track to feeling like normal again.

What if My Dog’s Stomach is Gurgling and He Won’t Eat?

Dogs who experience loud stomach gurgling in conjunction with episodes of diarrhea or poor appetite might be suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. Parasites and other chronic intestinal disorders also deserve attention from your vet, so they can help you handle this condition more effectively.

What Kind of Food Should I Feed My Dog With An Upset Stomach?

Please note that the right food to use varies per dog. Always call your vet and seek their advice before trying any new diets.

Pumpkin

Pumpkin is a natural remedy that has been used for centuries to settle an empty stomach, and it also helps remove excess water in dogs’ digestive tracts. Canned unseasoned pumpkin is popular because it reduces instances of diarrhea! Please pay attention to labels and ensure you are not giving pumpkin pie filling; this could worsen symptoms.

Bone Broth

Bone broth is a superfood for your dog’s stomach. The broth has been known to heal intestines, reduce inflammation, and calm any upset that may be going on there.

Shredded Chicken

Shredded chicken is a nutritious and tasty way to get your dog excited about eating and it also helps when they’re feeling under the weather.

Baby Food

Giving your pet some tasty food might be the only thing to get them to eat. Before feeding, to entice a sick animal, try warming up baby foods, especially meat flavors like turkey or beef.

Chicken and Rice

Chicken and rice are great for those with upset stomachs and these mild foods will not make your pup sick or uncomfortable to eat.

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In North America, there are four principal kinds of venomous snakes: rattlesnakes, cottonmouths (aka water moccasins), copperheads, and coral snakes.

Snakes You May Encounter in North America

Rattlesnakes

Rattlesnakes live in a variety of habitats. They can be found in deserts, forests, and wetlands, from sea level to mountain elevations. Rattlesnakes are most active in warmer seasons, from spring to autumn. In some areas they can be found year-round, particularly in southern latitudes.

Cottonmouths

While generally active at night, will bask in the sun by day in order to keep their metabolism up, since they are cold-blooded. Frequently found around water, they are not aggressive but will attack if threatened or agitated. They can be found mostly in the southeastern U.S.

Copperheads

There are five sub-species of copperheads, scattered through the southern two thirds of the eastern U.S. While its venom is the least potent of the North American snakes, it also accounts for the most human snakebites. This is probably partly due to the snake being well-camouflaged in its environment so that people — and dogs — don’t see it until they’re right on top of it.

Corak Snakes

Coral snakes are among the most venomous. While their bite seems to have no immediate effect, their powerful neurotoxins will begin to destroy connections between the brain and muscles if not treated within 12 hours. This snake is probably best known for the warning rhyme that distinguishes it from similar looking species, like the scarlet kingsnake: “Red meet yellow, kills a fellow; red meet black, friend of Jack.” Fun fact: coral snakes actually “fart” defensively by forcefully expelling air from their cloacae, which makes a loud popping sound designed to scare away predators.

Risks and Misconceptions

Since dogs are natural explorers, they are at risk for snakebite whenever you’re in a snake’s habitat. Curiosity or a prey drive can place your dog at risk, but like people, dogs can stumble over the location of a snake by accident, such as when running through a field of high grass, or chasing a completely unrelated scent.

There are a lot of misconceptions about snakes, how dangerous they are, and when they’ll bite. Here’s the truth about a few of those myths.

A snake’s head size doesn’t indicate how dangerous they are

Adult male brown water snakes have fat heads and they are non-venomous. Many non-venomous snakes flatten their heads when stressed and appear to have viper-like heads. Coral snakes are highly venomous and have skinny heads.

A snakebite can be serious

Even if your dog survives the immediate effects of a bite, it has the potential to cause permanent injury. The toxic components of snake venom are very painful and can have severe consequences. Although there are three main varieties of venom, there can be some overlap of effects within a single species. The types of venom and their targets are cytotoxins, which destroy cells, particularly muscle cells; neurotoxins, which destroy nerves and connections in the nervous system; and hemotoxins, which destroy the blood, particularly red blood cells, depriving the victim of oxygen.

A snake won’t necessarily give you warning before they strike

Sometimes rattlesnakes rattle before they strike, but don’t count on it. A snake’s best defense in the wild is its camouflage. A snake’s first reaction is usually to lie perfectly still and hope that it goes unnoticed. While snakes may be reluctant to confront humans and large dogs, smaller dogs may be in greater danger of being perceived as prey and attacked by a snake.

A baby snake is just as venomous as an adult snake

And they could be more dangerous as well. Baby snakes typically aren’t developed enough to be able to control the amount of venom that they distribute. In a single bite, a baby snake may dispense all of its venom, where as an adult snake is able to size up its prey and will dispense only what is needed for the job. It will not dispense all of its venom to ensure that it is still able to defend itself if necessary.

A snakebite is always an emergency

If your dog is bitten, take her to a veterinarian for treatment immediately. Even bites by non-venomous snakes can lead to serious infections because of bacteria in their mouths, which may require treatment with antibiotics.

Treatment or Prevention

Snakebite treatment can be expensive. Antivenom injections (also called antivenin) can cost hundreds to thousands of dollars each and your dog may require multiple shots, along with hospitalization, IV fluids, and other medications. The injections may also cause side effects that complicate recovery.

Dogs are somewhat luckier than humans in that canine antivenom is cheaper — the human equivalent can cost tens to hundreds of thousands of dollars a shot, although only 0.1% of this cost is a result of actually making the vaccine. The rest is due to licensing, regulation, clinical trials, and hospital mark-ups.

According to some veterinarians, antivenom may not always be necessary; for example, medium to large size hunting dogs bitten in the face may not need it. But the circumstances when you will always need antivenom are as follows:

• Dogs under 20 pounds bitten by a rattlesnake or cottonmouth.

• Dogs bitten multiple times or on the tongue or torso, regardless type of snake.

• All dogs bitten by coral snakes, although supplies of coral snake antivenom are extremely limited and may not be immediately available.

• All dogs bitten by very large snakes, particularly rattlesnakes.

• All dogs bitten by dying snakes of any kind. Remember, adult snakes can control how much venom they inject, but a dying or severely injured snake will generally let loose with all of it.

Rattlesnake vaccines are available for dogs (but not humans), although there is still a lot of disagreement on whether they are effective or necessary. They confer about a year’s immunity and require annual boosters. While they may be advisable if you’re in an area with a lot of snakes, the vaccine will only work for the specific type of snake it was derived from. And, even though it provides some protection, a vaccinated dog that is bitten will still require immediate medical treatment.

The Best Protection

Needless to say, the best way to keep your dog safe from snakes is to be aware of your surroundings. If you’re going hiking, learn what kind of snakes are common in the area and what times of year they’re most active.

Avoid places snakes are likely to be hanging out, like in the bushes just off of trails or in culverts or tall grass. Also remember that snakes can find their way up trees, so watch out for threats at eye level as well. Most snakes are nocturnal, so be particularly careful about securing things if you’re going to be camping out overnight, and make your dog stay in the tent with you — sleeping rough without a tent is never a good idea in snake country. You never know what you’ll wake up with in your sleeping bag.

Finally, you can always invest in putting your dog through some snake aversion training, which will make her as wary of the slithering serpents as you are. And, since your dog will be able to smell a snake long before you can see it, this kind of training will provide extra protection for both of you.

What wild animals represent a threat to dogs in your area? Tells us in the comments.

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Toxic Foods for Pets

Xylitol

One of the newest and easily available human foods toxic to dogs, is xylitol. Xylitol is present in products from gums to sugar free cookies. When ingested in relatively small amounts, this sweetener can result in low blood sugar, seizures, liver failure and death. These symptoms can show up as quickly as 30 minutes or as long as 12 hours after ingestion, and treatment must be quick and aggressive or they can be fatal.

Grapes and raisins

Grapes and raisins have been found recently to induce kidney failure in some animals. This failure can be permanent and life threatening. It does not seem to relate to the volume ingested, and not all animals seem to be equally susceptible. Although some dogs have been eating grapes for years, the safe course is to avoid grapes and raisins completely.

Chocolate

Due to articles such as this, many people are now aware of chocolate’s toxicity in dogs and cats. With the recent popularity of chocolates that are 60 and 70 percent cocoa, this risk has become much more serious. Dark chocolates have always been more toxic than milk chocolates, and these newer chocolates are even more so. Toxic doses of chocolate can cause abnormal heartbeats, kidney failure and death. The toxic dose is dependant on weight, so little dogs are at higher risk, but with the higher levels of cocoa in chocolate products now even bigger dogs are at risk.

Onions

Onions are tasty for our pets as well as us, but too many onions can be dangerous. High levels of onion ingestion in dogs and cats can cause life-threatening anemia.

After Exposure Act Quickly

With any toxic exposure, minutes count so knowing what to do can save a life. Most importantly, you should have the phone number of poison control, your regular veterinary and an after-hours hospital posted in your home. It is best to wait until you reach poison control before you do anything but usually you will be told to make your pet vomit to get rid of some of the toxic substance. Vomiting can be induced with a teaspoon of peroxide if you don’t have ipecac. Give the peroxide by mouth every few minutes, giving your pet a chance to relax between since many dogs and cats will refuse to vomit when held. Once vomiting occurs, or if you are unsuccessful within a few minutes, you should then seek professional help from a qualified veterinarian. Be sure to have an idea of how much of the substance your pet ingested and how long ago it happened.

ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center
National Hotline: 888-426-4435
Available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.

Has your dog ever suffered from food poisoning? What happened? Tell us all about in the comments.

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A short history of rats

Rats have been a constant companion of humankind for as long as dogs have been, although a generally unwanted one. They have been associated with many diseases that can be transmitted to humans, were partly responsible for various plagues that ravaged Europe, and with the exception of space flights have wound up almost everywhere that humans have gone — including commercial airliners. The only landmass they have failed to conquer is Antarctica, for reasons that should be obvious.

They are considered an invasive species, and tend to have a detrimental effect on local wildlife when they move in, especially sea birds. They can multiply rapidly and seem the happiest living alongside us in our cities, lurking under our homes and in our walls.

The exterminators

This is why the extermination of rats has been such a big thing throughout human history, immortalized in the legend of the Pied Piper of Hamelin. In Canada, the entire province of Alberta has been rat-free for nearly sixty-five years, although that’s a distinction that requires the constant attention of a staff of full-time professionals. Elsewhere, the two most common approaches to eliminating rats have been traps and poison. Until recently, one of the most effective poisons used on rats was an anti-coagulant that is also used as human medication. It belongs to a class of chemicals called coumarins, and you may have heard the drug name, Warfarin.

While it can prevent strokes and blood clots in people, it kills rats by making them bleed internally. The key to how it functions is that it is odorless and tasteless, and accumulates in the rat’s body. Normally, rats will only nibble small samples of new food sources, then shun them if they taste anything rancid or poisonous. Because they can’t detect the anti-coagulant in the bait, they will return over the course of a few days to consume more, eventually building up a lethal dose.

Unfortunately, some rats were naturally immune to the effects of Warfarin at those otherwise lethal levels, so they survived and went on to breed more immune rats. In yet another example of unintended evolution in action, Warfarin stopped working, so researchers had to create a new class of anti-coagulants often referred to generically as “super-warfarins.”

Then, in 2011, the Environmental Protection Agency imposed a ban on the use of so-called “second-generation long-acting anticoagulants” in rat poison used in residential settings. Their intention was to protect children, pets, and wildlife from the chemicals used in them. As a replacement, manufacturers began using bromethalin, which is a neurotoxin that kills by damaging the nervous system. 

Unfortunately, it turns out the bromethalin can be fatal to dogs in fairly small amounts — less than 38 ten-thousandths of an ounce (108 mg) will kill a fifty pound dog, although it can take as little as one-fifth of that amount to kill a young dog of the same size. For perspective, that higher number is about one-tenth the weight of a one dollar bill.

There is no known way to test for bromethalin poisoning and no antidote. The only treatment, if caught early enough, is to induce vomiting and administer activated charcoal in a clinical setting. The keys words are early enough. You can induce vomiting yourself if you discover your dog has eaten bromethalin within about fifteen minutes. Otherwise, a fast trip to the vet is the only option.

Signs and treatment

Symptoms will vary depending on the size of your dog and the amount of poison he’s ingested, with smaller and younger dogs being more vulnerable. Signs to watch out for include unsteadiness, weakness, muscle tremors, over-excitability, paddling motions of the limbs, depression, vomiting, high fever, leg stiffness, and seizures.

Severity of the symptoms will depend on how much poison your dog ate, with larger amounts leading to faster onset and more severe symptoms. As mentioned above, there is no cure. The goal in treatment is to remove the poison from the dog’s system before it takes full effect, hence the induced vomiting and activated charcoal.

Keeping your dogs safe

Fortunately, there are alternatives to spreading rat poison all over the yard, depending on how humane you want to be about it. This list of suggestions calls itself humane, although only two of the methods they mention are non-lethal for the rat. If you don’t mind having to release a living rat, then no-kill traps are your best option — and based strictly on name alone, it’s hard to not like the idea of unleashing The Atomic Barbie Rat Trap on your infestation.

If, however, you’re a renter or don’t otherwise have control over the vermin eradication methods used in places where your dog will be, then it’s up to you to make sure that they don’t get into the poison. Try to avoid bait stations when you see them, and never let your dog get near any dead rats or other rodents if you see them.

If you have to use poison, then be sure to follow FDA guidelines, make sure that the container is marked child- and pet-proof, and store it and use it only in locations that your dog cannot possibly get to.

The ideal, of course, is to avoid using poisons at all. There are many other ways to get rid of rats with none of the risk to our faithful furry friends.

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As Pack Leaders we have to exercise caution, though all table scraps might look delicious to a dog, not all Thanksgiving food is good for them. If your dog gets into the wrong food, he can become quite ill. Nothing puts a damper on holiday festivities like having to rush your pooch to the emergency care center.

So what should you watch out for?

Turkey
A bit of turkey is perfectly okay for dogs to eat — so long as it’s cooked and boneless. But don’t feed your pup uncooked turkey, as it may contain dangerous salmonella bacteria. In general, lean white meat is better for your dog’s stomach than fattier dark meat or skin.

But the biggest thing to watch out for is bones. They are a huge choking hazard. Make sure to remove them from any meat you give your dog, and never give her any kind of fowl bones to chew on. While all bones are potentially dangerous, bird bones splinter easily and can severely injure your dog’s mouth, throat, esophagus or stomach if swallowed.

Bread dough
If you’re baking some fresh rolls in the oven, make sure your dog doesn’t get into the raw dough. Dough can actually rise in your dog’s stomach, causing vomiting, abdominal pain, and bloating. In some circumstances, this can lead to life-threatening complications that require surgery.

Mashed potatoes
Potatoes themselves aren’t unhealthy for dogs. Many of the foods that get added to mashed potatoes, however, are dangerous. Dairy products with lactose, like butter, cream, and cheese can upset your dog’s stomach and intestines; onions can be potentially fatal for dogs, which also means you shouldn’t give your dog gravy made with a packaged mix or thickener, since most commercial brands of these products contain onion powder.

Xylitol
If you’re adding any artificial sweeteners to your food, never share the food with your dog. Sweeteners containing Xylitol are highly toxic and potentially deadly to dogs for a counter-intuitive reason. In humans, Xylitol has no effect on insulin production because the human system does not perceive it as sugar. In dogs, however, it does stimulate insulin production, which can cause a precipitous and dangerous drop in blood sugar, possibly leading to seizures, coma, and even death.

Alcohol
Adult beverages are common at many holiday gatherings, but make sure all alcoholic beverages are out of your dog’s reach. Even a small amount of alcohol can be toxic to dogs and, in the case of wine and beer, the ingredients they are fermented from — grapes and hops — are also toxic to dogs. In addition to liquids, keep an eye out for cakes that may have alcohol in them (such as fruitcakes or rum cake) and unbaked bread dough. There have been cases where dogs were poisoned from food with alcohol cooked into it — the idea that all alcohol “cooks out” of food is a myth.

Chocolate
This well-known dog hazard has a habit of turning up in unexpected places. Many recipes call for baking chocolate, which is particularly dangerous for dogs — the more bitter the chocolate, the higher the levels of the chemicals in it that are toxic to canines. Also remember to place any cakes or desserts out of your dog’s reach.

We know it’s tough to say no to those puppy eyes, but remember that you’re doing it to keep your dog safe. And you don’t have to completely keep them away from your meal — just make sure to pick and choose which treats you give your pup. If you’re unsure, consult your veterinarian.

As long as you keep an eye out for lurking holiday food hazards, you and your dog are sure to have a happy and healthy Thanksgiving.

Why are you thankful for your dog? Tell us in the comments below.

The post Deadly Feast: Protecting Our Dogs At Thanksgiving appeared first on Cesar's Way.

Unfortunately, as many Pack Leaders know, this results in dogs eating many things that aren’t very good for them. Dark chocolate, moldy garbage, and even rat poison are all dangerous items that dogs can and will eat inside the house given the chance. But outside in the garden, there are plants that can pose a threat to your pup as well.

In fact, it’s likely you are not aware of all the plants that can be a threat to dogs. Like humans, dogs can be poisoned by ingesting a wide variety of foliage.

Below is a list of some common plants that Pack Leaders should be on the lookout for. Some are more benign than others — tomato plants, for example will likely only cause a dog mild discomfort. They’re arranged in groups by toxicity, to help those who have a love for their garden and their dog to find the best compromise.

The most toxic plants — the “very toxic” category — can cause severe problems, including coma and death. The “toxic” and the “mildly toxic” should still be avoided, but aren’t associated with as severe symptoms.

It’s important to note that this list does not include every plant that is poisonous to dogs, which would be a very long list; these are just the most common ones. If you have a specific plant you are curious or concerned about, search for information on that plant specifically or ask your local vet.

Common plants toxic to dogs

Very Toxic	Toxic	Mildly Toxic
Azalea/rhododendron	Aloe vera	Baby’s breath
Castor bean	Amaryllis	Carnation
Cyclamen	Begonia	Gladiola
Milkweed	Chrysanthemum	Tomato plant
Oleander	Daffodil (narcissus)
Sago palm	Hosta
Yew	Morning glory
	Poinsettia

What to do if you suspect dog poisoning
If you see your dog eat something poisonous, or if your dog displays symptoms such as vomiting, tremors, seizures, or heavy breathing, contact a vet or animal poison control hotline as soon as possible. Different toxins require different treatments, so don’t assume you know the next best step. In some cases, inducing vomiting is the proper treatment, but in others it can be more dangerous, so consult a professional.

The ASPCA has a hotline available at all times for pet and animal poisonings: (888) 426-4435, but be aware that they may charge a $65 consultation fee to your credit card. Your local vet or animal emergency clinic may also be able to offer a consultation. The best thing you can do to keep your dog safe is to save these numbers on your cell phone and post them in a prominent place, so you can reach help as quickly as possible.

Has your dog have suffered from poisoning? What was the cause and how did you handle it?

The post Garden Dangers For Dogs: Common Plants That Can Kill appeared first on Cesar's Way.

By Dr. Sherry Weaver

Diarrhea is the frequent and repetitive passage of loose, watery stool. Your judgment regarding the health status of a pet with diarrhea is critical. Bloody diarrhea with severe straining may be an emergency especially for small dogs. Diarrhea along with vomiting can be signs of serious intestinal obstruction that may even need surgery. Weakness, pain, vomiting, or agitation are serious signs that the pet needs medical attention-not simply a little first aid!

A pet with diarrhea but with few other signs of distress may sometimes be treated at home, but the variables are so numerous that it is best to call your veterinarian regarding the situation. Always have a fecal sample checked in case worms or other parasites, such as giardia, are a factor. Chronic or frequent episodes of loose stool may be a sign of inflammatory bowel disease with often requires veterinary attention. Because diarrhea can turn deadly very fast, it is best to avoid first aid remedies and call your veterinarian for advice.

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Have you ever heard the expression “eat like a dog” or “dogs eat anything?” Ever wonder where those stem from? If you own a dog, you know firsthand that from time to time they get curious and occasionally try to ingest something that they shouldn’t.

We’ve all heard horror stories of a dog having to be rushed to the ER to have his stomach pumped, or know of a person whose pup has passed a foreign object and was back to normal immediately after. What should you do if your dog eats something that he shouldn’t? Should you take him to the vet or wait to see if it passes in his stools? Check out our suggestions below.

Signs Your Pet Ate Something Foreign

If your dog is exhibiting any of the following symptoms, it may mean that he ingested something foreign or toxic:

• Vomiting (usually starts as food and proceeds to water) or gagging
• Painful abdomen
• Lack of appetite
• Lethargy
• Changes in typical behavior
• Changes in bowels — diarrhea, constipation

Go to the Vet Immediately

If your dog ingests a foreign object, you should take her to the vet. If your normal vet is unavailable, call a 24-hour emergency animal clinic and describe the situation. According to Shari Brown, DVM, the best measure is to allow the professionals to properly assess the situation.

“Owners should not wait to see if the object will pass on its own. Do not try to induce vomiting without a veterinarian’s okay, as there are some foreign bodies that can cause just as much harm coming back out.”

Treatment Options

If the veterinarian suspects that a foreign object has been ingested, they will order X-rays to determine the appropriate method of treatment. Depending on the severity of the situation, a vet may able to help your dog pass the object by inducing vomiting.

Some objects may need to be removed through endoscopy. If that is the case, the vet will place a long tube down your dog’s throat and will remove the object from her stomach. “This is non-invasive, involves less risks, and the only recovery time is from the anesthesia,” says Brown.

If the object has passed through the stomach and into the intestines, however, a more invasive surgery may be required. “There are less complications if the object can be gotten out of the stomach than out of the intestines. If an intestinal obstruction occurs, there is a risk of having to remove some of the intestines, which increases the chance of complications.”

How to Prevent Your Pet From Eating Foreign Objects

The best way to keep your dog from ingesting foreign objects is to take preventative measures. Brown says that one of the easiest things to do if an owner knows that their dog is prone to eating certain foreign objects is to not allow access to them.

“I personally have had many owners tell me that their dog chews their stuffed toys, swallows the stuffing, etc. If that happens, don’t give your dog stuffed toys anymore. There are other toys that he can be given instead that he hopefully will not ingest.”

She also advises that people “dog-proof” their house to limit access to objects. “I typically tell owners it’s like having a baby. When you have a baby, you have to be diligent about keeping doors closed, things off the floor and out of the baby’s reach.

“When you have a dog (that) likes to consume everything, you need to do the exact same thing. You may need to get baby locks for cabinets and such to keep your dog from opening them, but locks are a whole lot cheaper than a potential three to four thousand dollar emergency surgery.”

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